ExploreFree Speech TrackerTrack Violations across Categories, States & Years

The Free Speech Tracker is a database that records free speech violations in India across various categories. Tracked violations can be searched across categories, states or years. Categories covered include Arrests, Attacks, Censorship, Harassment, Internet Control, Killings, Lawfare, Policies/Regulations, and Threats.

Please visit the About Us page for a guide to free speech violations tracked by FSC,

Numbers are liable to change and violations may be reclassified in case of discrepancies in reporting or updates due to developments in ongoing cases. In case of updates or corrections and to report free speech violations, please contact us.

[Note: The data included currently is for 2025 as updates for previous years is under process. For details of previous years, please go to the Reports section.]

Violations

States

Year

Reset

State: Assam

Year: 2026

Date: March 29, 2026

Censorship – News Media / Documentaries

CPI-M, Assam has filed a complaint with Assam’s Chief Electoral Officer, stating that All India Radio and Doordarshan censored substantial portions of its election broadcast speech that criticised the BJP-led state government.

#CPIM #Assam State Committee secretary Suprakash Talukdar described the edits as “brazen censorship” carried out in the name of vetting. He said the party submitted its speech to the Guwahati centres of AIR and Doordarshan on March 29 in full compliance with Election Commission guidelines.

The CPI(M) stated that the speech contained no prohibited content—such as references to foreign countries, remarks on the President or judiciary, or any divisive or objectionable language. It focused on criticising the state government’s policies, exposing the corporate-communal nexus, and highlighting failures in addressing people’s basic issues along with what it termed anti-democratic governance.

The party said entire sentences and paragraphs were removed, distorting its intended message to voters. It termed the move an attempt to silence dissent and shield those in power from criticism.

Condemning the action, the CPI(M) said such interference during elections undermines democratic principles and reflects an authoritarian trend, with public broadcasting platforms being reduced to instruments of control.

State: Assam

Year: 2026

Date: March 25, 2026

Attacks – Journalists

Bundles of a leading Assamese daily were allegedly set ablaze in broad daylight by miscreants in Sivasagar, triggering strong condemnation from journalist bodies and civil society groups, who termed it a direct assault on the freedom of the press.

Serious allegations have surfaced against individuals reportedly linked to supporters of BJP candidate Kushal Dowari in the Sivasagar Assembly constituency, raising concerns over the misuse of political campaigning to justify violence and intimidation.

According to reports, two individuals, identified as Partha Pratim Bora and Pinku Dutta, allegedly set fire to bundles of newspapers belonging to a leading Assamese daily in broad daylight. The act, widely condemned as an attack on press freedom, has sparked sharp reactions across political and civil society circles.

The accused are also alleged to have assaulted a worker of the Raijor Dal, further escalating tensions in the constituency. The incident reportedly occurred under the guise of election campaigning, intensifying fears over deteriorating political decorum during the ongoing poll season.

State: Kerala

Year: 2026

Date: March 24, 2026

Censorship – News Media/ Documentaries

The Kerala Police on Tuesday ordered social media platforms to remove posts, including those by journalists and members of Opposition parties, about a letter the Election Commission had issued.

A row had erupted in the state on Monday when an Election Commission letter bearing the seal of the Bharatiya Janata Party’s Kerala unit was widely shared online. The seal was on a letter dated March 19, 2019, sent to political parties across the country detailing norms about criminal antecedents of candidates.

The letter had been sent along with an email on March 21.

After the matter came to light on Monday, the poll panel said that the letter carried the BJP seal due to a “purely clerical error”. The panel added that it had withdrawn the erroneous document.​

On Tuesday, journalists Arvind Gunasekar, Piyush Rai and the Congress’ Aditya Goswami posted on social media that the Kerala police had in its order cited sections of the 2000 Information Technology Act and the 2021 IT rules that allow the authorities to order intermediaries such as social media platforms to take down content.

State: Kerala

Year: 2026

Date: March 7, 2026

Lawfare, National Security – Journalists

Shankar, Mani, and a boat driver were detained on March 7 by officers from a paramilitary force after allegedly entering a restricted area to film an Iranian naval vessel docked at a port in Kochi, a city in the southern state of Kerala, according to multiple news reports.

News agency IANS reported that officials had earlier denied the journalists permission to film the IRIS Lavan, which India granted refuge amid intensifying U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran, including a U.S. submarine attack that sank another Iranian naval vessel, the IRIS Dena.

The three were later handed over to Kerala Harbor Police, who opened an investigation under the Official Secrets Act — a British colonial-era law that criminalizes collecting, receiving, or disseminating a broad range of documents and information that could affect national security or relations with foreign countries — and sections of the Indian penal code related to criminal trespass.

“Using the Official Secrets Act against Republic TV journalists C.G. Shankar and S. Mani is extremely alarming and Indian authorities should immediately drop all potential charges,” said CPJ’s Asia-Pacific Program Coordinator Kunal Majumder. “While reports suggest the journalists may have proceeded after being denied permission to film, the full circumstances of what happened are unclear — and deploying a law intended to criminalize spying is a massive overreach.”

State: Kerala

Year: 2026

Date: March 6, 2026

Lawfare, General – Others

A case has been registered against a man for allegedly calling Prime Minister Narendra Modi a “traitor” on a social media post at Sreekandapuram here, police said on Saturday.

According to police, the case was registered against Rajan C Kottoor, a native of Kottoor, on Friday following a complaint lodged by a BJP activist.

As per the FIR, the accused made the comment on a Facebook post on March 3, calling PM Modi a “traitor”.

The FIR alleged that the accused defamed the Prime Minister and indulged in a provocative act with the intention of causing a riot.

The case has been registered under section 192 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita for wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause a riot and section 120(o) of the Kerala Police Act for causing nuisance.

Police said the investigation began on Friday evening after the complaint was received.

State: Applicable Across India

Year: 2026

Date: March 2, 2026

Censorship – News Media / Documentaries

The verified Facebook and Instagram pages of Kashmir Life became inaccessible in India on Monday afternoon after Meta restricted access at the request of law enforcement authorities.Kashmir culture coverage

Reports of the page’s inaccessibility began reaching the newsroom around 4:30 pm, when readers from across the country said they were unable to view the publication’s Facebook page. There had been no prior public notice or communication before access was blocked.

Subsequently, Meta put an auto response to the page suggesting that it had restricted access to the content in India “pursuant to a notice from ‘The Government of India V Law Enforcement’ under Section 79(3)(b) of the Information Technology Act, 2000.” The communication advised the organisation to contact the issuing authority for further information and stated that details regarding content restrictions based on local law are available through Meta’s Transparency Centre.

Section 79(3)(b) of the Information Technology Act, 2000, empowers authorities to require intermediaries to disable access to content upon receiving actual knowledge through a court order or government notification.

On Instagram, where Kashmir Life also maintains a presence, a notice displayed on the platform reads: “We received a legal request to restrict this content. We reviewed it against our policies and conducted a legal and human rights assessment. After the review, we restricted access to the content in the location where it goes against local law.”

State: Applicable Across India

Year: 2026

Date: February 27, 2026

Censorship – News Media / Documentaries

A satirical animated cartoon of Prime Minister Narendra Modi being awarded an invented medal during his Israel visit and Knesset speech, presented humorously to The Wire’s over 1.3 million X followers, has been “withheld in India”.

The 37-second cartoon, featuring Modi, the Speaker of the Knesset and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, has a jingle in Hindi: “Medal Mila Hai VishwaGuru Ko” (The World’s Guru has got a medal) to the tune of ‘Chura Liya Hai’ from the film Yaadon ki Baaraat.

It was posted on X on February 27, 2026, but viewers of The Wire now see the following stock message for censored posts, instead of the humorous cartoon presented to its viewers:

Ironically, the hundreds of viewers’ responses to The Wire’s animation – appreciative, neutral, or critical – are still accessible to all on X, including more satirical animations posted by some on the platform.

Also, the post, originally in Hindi, is still available on TheWireHindi on X.

State: Kerala

Year: 2026

Date: February 24, 2026

Censorship – The Arts

The controversial film The Kerala Story 2: Goes Beyond is once again in the news. The film is facing legal hurdles and rigorous censorship procedures even before its release. Although the film has been passed by the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) with a U/A 16+ rating, this approval is not without conditions. The Censor Board, given the film’s sensitivity, demanded several significant changes and cuts before giving it the green light.

According to a recent report by Bollywood Hungama, the CBFC has ordered approximately 16 cuts or alterations to the film. The Board has edited the film’s most disturbing scenes, reducing a rape scene by 20 seconds and a lip-lock scene by 7 seconds. Overall, kissing scenes and sexual violence in the film have been reduced by 50%. Scenes depicting physical violence against women, such as slapping or headbutting, have also been shortened to balance the film’s intensity.

State: Delhi

Year: 2026

Date: February 26, 2026

Arrests – Others | Lawfare, Detention – Others

On Thursday afternoon, hundreds of students joined a “Long March” organised by the JNUSU from Sabarmati T-point to the ministry of education, demanding the vice-chancellor’s resignation over her alleged caste-related remarks in a recent podcast interview.

The march was halted at JNU’s heavily barricaded main gate, where a strong police presence prevented protesters from moving forward. Clashes broke out when students attempted to advance, leading to multiple detentions.

Later that night, students attempted another march from the JNU main gate towards the Ambience Mall gate, demanding the release of those detained. By Friday morning, 37 of the 51 detained students had been released, while 14 were formally arrested.

Those arrested include JNUSU president Aditi Mishra, vice-president Gopika, joint secretary Danish and former president Nitish Kumar.

The Patiala House Courts on Friday granted bail to all 14 students, directing each to furnish a bond of ₹25,000 and a surety of the like amount.

State: Karnataka

Year: 2026

Date: February 24, 2026

Lawfare, General – Others

The Azim Premji University has filed a complaint with the police against its own students who are in charge of the Spark Reading Circle APU, accusing them of instigating trouble at the university and repeatedly “defaming” the university.

APU Registrar Rishikesh BS filed a complaint with the Sarjapura police on February 24, the day ABVP members forcibly entered the university over a planned discussion on alleged violence in Kashmir. The complaint names the Spark Reading Circle APU Instagram account.

Rishikesh said in his complaint that on February 24, social media posts regarding an event on that day at Kabira, an open space on campus to cultural events, were brought to his attention.

The organisers of the event, Spark Reading circle APU, had created a post that said that Kunan-Poshpora, villages in Kashmir, saw “one of the most gruesome incidents of mass rape” on February 23, 1991, allegedly by army men and that not a single conviction had taken place.

He said that when he asked faculty members about such an event, none of them had any information because “if any such event is to be held written permission has to be sought, but no such permission was sought or given”.

Rishikesh said that soon after this, a group of people forcibly entered the university campus and vandalised property in several areas, raised slogans and wrote graffiti against Spark Reading circle and AISA. The police then removed them from campus, the Registrar said. A complaint regarding this was filed with the police.

Showing 1-10 of 351 results